First Hot Air Balloon
First Hot Air Balloon – O traducidamente, el Primer Globo Aerostático, hecho por los Hermanos Montgolfier: Joseph-Michel son los considerados inventores del Globo Aerostático (Annonay, Francia, 26 de agosto de 1740- † Balaruc les Bains, id., 26 de junio de 1810) con anterioridad la primera máquina voladora aerostática que algunos
consideran en decir que fue el primer globo aerostático conocido.
Los hermanos eran hijos de un fabricante de papel. Mientras jugaban
con bolsas de papel invertidas sobre el fuego, descubrieron que las
bolsas subían hasta el techo. Esto les llevó a experimentar con bolsas
más grandes y materiales más ligeros. En 1782 hicieron pruebas a cubierto con seda y lino.
El 14 de diciembre de 1782 consiguieron un lanzamiento al aire libre de una bolsa de seda de 18 m³, que alcanzó una altitud de 250 m.
El 4 de junio de 1783
hicieron su primera demostración pública: hicieron subir una bolsa
esférica de lino forrada de papel de 11 metros de diámetro, 800 m³ y un
peso de unos 226 kilogramos llena de aire caliente. Su vuelo recorrió 2
km, duró 10 minutos y alcanzó una altitud estimada entre 1600 y 2000
metros.
Los siguientes ensayos enviaron los primeros seres vivos en una
cesta enganchada al globo una oveja, un pato y un pollo, para
investigar los efectos del aire en altura. Esto se realizó en Versalles ante Luis XVI de Francia, para obtener su permiso para un siguiente ensayo de vuelo con humanos. Se realizó un ascenso alrededor del 15 de octubre a una altitud de 26 m.
El 21 de noviembre de 1783, Pilâtre de Rozier y Marquis d’Arlandes hicieron el primer vuelo tripulado por humanos. Volaron durante 25 minutos a una altura de unos 100 metros sobre París, logrando una distancia de nueve kilómetros.
A estos globos se les llamó montgolfiere o mongolfiera.
A partir de ahí se sucedieron diferentes vuelos, incluyendo uno a través del Canal de La Mancha el 7 de enero de 1785 por parte de Jean Pierre Blanchard y John Jeffries.
Pronto los globos de aire caliente fueron reemplazado por globos de hidrógeno, y no volvieron hasta los años 1960,
cuando una empresa (Industrias Raven) mejoró la seguridad del diseño
del clásico globo de Montgolfier, utilizando nylon para el globo y
propano como combustible para el quemador.
Fuente: Wikipedia – La ecicopedia libre
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